The connection between exercise and academics is a topic that has gained increasing attention over the years, especially as schools face mounting pressure to prioritize academic achievement. In the pursuit of higher test scores and better academic outcomes, many schools have made the difficult decision to cut back on physical education programs, extracurricular sports, and recess. However, emerging research strongly suggests that this might be a counterproductive approach. In fact, exercise and physical activity could be the key to enhancing academic performance, not detracting from it.
Exercise and Academics: A Symbiotic Relationship
One of the most important recommendations I give to my students on test day, whether they are taking the SAT, SSAT, ACT, or even a routine achievement test at school, is to engage in some form of physical activity before the exam. This advice stems from both personal experience and a growing body of research that supports the idea that exercise can significantly enhance cognitive function and, consequently, academic performance.
During the weeks when my kids would have achievement tests at school, we established a routine that included a nutritious breakfast—typically oatmeal, which provides sustained energy—and a walk to school. This combination of a balanced meal and light exercise helped them stay focused, energized, and ready to tackle the day’s challenges.
The Research Behind Exercise and Academic Performance
The idea that physical activity can boost academic performance is not just anecdotal; it is backed by a wealth of research. Earlier studies have found that exercising before an exam can enhance performance, likely due to the way physical activity stimulates brain function, improves mood, and reduces stress—factors that are critical on test day.
A recent study involving students aged 6 to 18 has further underscored the importance of physical activity during the school day. This study is particularly timely, as many schools have eliminated physical education classes or athletic programs to allocate more time for academic enrichment. However, the findings suggest that this trade-off may not be as beneficial as intended.
The researchers observed that children who participate in sports or regular physical activities tend to exhibit better behavior in the classroom and are more capable of focusing on academic tasks. The positive correlation between physical activity and academic performance was evident, although the degree of impact varied across different studies. These studies, which followed participants for periods ranging from eight weeks to over five years, consistently found that increased physical activity is associated with improved academic outcomes.
Why Does Exercise Improve Academic Performance?
The link between exercise and academics can be explained through several physiological and psychological mechanisms:
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Enhanced Cognitive Function: Physical activity increases blood flow to the brain, which in turn improves brain function. This includes enhanced memory, attention, and processing speed—all of which are crucial for learning and performing well on exams.
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Stress Reduction: Exercise is a well-known stress reliever. By reducing levels of cortisol (the stress hormone) and releasing endorphins (the body’s natural mood lifters), physical activity can help students feel more relaxed and less anxious about their academic responsibilities.
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Improved Behavior and Focus: Regular physical activity helps regulate behavior, leading to fewer disruptions in the classroom and better attention to academic tasks. This is particularly important for younger students who may struggle with sitting still for long periods.
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Increased Energy and Stamina: Exercise boosts energy levels, which can help students stay alert and engaged throughout the school day. This is especially beneficial during long periods of study or when preparing for exams.
The Current State of Physical Education in Schools
Despite the clear benefits of physical activity, many schools have reduced or eliminated physical education programs to make room for more academic subjects. This shift is often driven by the belief that more classroom time will lead to better academic outcomes. However, the evidence suggests that cutting physical activity may have the opposite effect.
A meta-analysis of various studies indicates that physical activity remains a critical component of the school day, supporting not only physical health but also academic achievement. The review found a significant positive relationship between physical activity and academic performance, emphasizing the need for schools to reconsider the importance of physical education.
Rethinking School Policies: Integrating Exercise into Academics
Given the strong link between exercise and academics, it may be time to rethink how we structure the school day. Instead of cutting physical education to make room for more academic enrichment, schools could explore ways to integrate physical activity into the curriculum. Here are a few suggestions:
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Extended School Day: Consider extending the school day slightly to incorporate physical activities without compromising academic instruction. This could include longer recess periods, additional PE classes, or structured sports programs.
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Active Learning: Integrate movement into classroom activities. For example, teachers could incorporate short physical exercises or movement-based learning games that allow students to burn off energy while reinforcing academic concepts.
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Mindful Breaks: Encourage students to take short, mindful breaks during long study sessions. Activities like stretching, deep breathing, or a quick walk around the school can help reset focus and reduce stress.
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After-School Programs: Offer after-school sports or fitness programs that provide additional opportunities for physical activity. These programs can also foster social skills, teamwork, and a sense of community among students.
The Bigger Picture: A Holistic Approach to Education
It’s important to recognize that academic success is not solely determined by time spent in the classroom. A holistic approach to education—one that includes physical, emotional, and social well-being—can lead to better outcomes for students. Physical activity is a vital part of this equation, contributing not only to physical health but also to mental clarity, emotional stability, and social connectedness.
By acknowledging the role of exercise in academic performance, educators, parents, and policymakers can work together to create school environments that support the whole child. This means valuing physical education as much as math, science, or reading, and understanding that a balanced approach to education is key to helping students reach their full potential.
Conclusion: The Future of Exercise and Academics
As the conversation around education continues to evolve, it’s essential that we keep the relationship between exercise and academics at the forefront. The evidence is clear: physical activity plays a crucial role in supporting academic success. By prioritizing physical education and finding innovative ways to incorporate movement into the school day, we can help students achieve better academic outcomes while also promoting their overall health and well-being.
So, does your school still offer physical education? If so, what other programs have been adjusted to maintain academic quality while keeping physical activity in the schedule? It’s time to revisit these questions and ensure that our educational policies reflect the importance of exercise in nurturing well-rounded, successful students.
via Kids: Physical Activity and School Performance – The Doctor.
